05.11.2024 Daily [Goa] GPSC Current Affairs

The study’s findings paint a stark picture of the pervasive nature of microplastic pollution, even in the most remote corners of our planet.

1. Microplastics Found in Adelie Penguins: A recent study conducted by researchers from CSIR-NIO Goa and the University of Calcutta discovered microplastics in the organs and gastrointestinal tissues of an Adelie penguin in Antarctica.

2. The Source of the Threat: The majority of the microplastics found were fibers, likely originating from clothing and fishing gear, highlighting the global reach of plastic pollution.

3. A Cycle of Contamination: The study revealed that Adelie penguins ingest microplastics directly and indirectly through their diet, as these particles have been found in their primary food sources like krill and fish.

4. The Risk of Bioaccumulation: The presence of undigested microplastics in the penguins’ bodies suggests that these particles are accumulating, potentially leading to toxic buildup and health issues.

5. A Threat to the Entire Food Web: The contamination of Adelie penguins with microplastics poses a significant threat to the Antarctic ecosystem, as these birds are a vital part of the food web.

6. A Call for Action: The study underscores the urgent need for stricter regulations on plastic production and disposal to protect the environment and safeguard the health of wildlife.

7. The Human Connection: The presence of microplastics in the most pristine environments highlights the interconnectedness of our planet and the need for responsible actions to mitigate the impact of human activities on the natural world.

• Successful Launch: A Russian Soyuz rocket successfully launched two Iranian satellites, Kowsar and Hodhod, from the Vostochny launchpad on November 5th, 2024. This marks the first Iranian satellites launched by the private sector.
• Deepening Ties: The launch underscores the strengthening relationship between Moscow and Tehran, who are collaborating across various sectors, including defense and technology.
• Controversial Drone Deliveries: The West has accused Iran of supplying Russia with drones for use in the Ukraine conflict, a claim both countries deny.
• Strategic Partnership: Russia and Iran are reportedly planning to formalize a “comprehensive strategic partnership” during an upcoming visit by Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian to Moscow.
• Boost to Iran’s Space Program: The successful launch provides a boost to Iran’s civilian space program, which has suffered a series of setbacks in recent years, including failed launches and explosions.
• Military Space Program: Iran also operates a separate military space program, which has seen successful launches but has also been targeted by Israeli airstrikes.
• Concerns Over Missile Technology: The development of satellite launch vehicles raises concerns about Iran’s potential to develop intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), which could be used to deliver nuclear weapons.

• Deadly Eruption: Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki volcano on Flores Island erupted on November 3rd, 2024, killing nine people, injuring dozens, and damaging thousands of homes.
• Mass Evacuation: The Indonesian government is working to evacuate at least 16,000 residents from villages surrounding the volcano, which remains on high alert.
• Evacuation Challenges: Thick volcanic ash has hampered evacuation efforts, making road travel difficult. As of November 5th, only about 2,472 residents had been evacuated.
• Temporary Shelters: Evacuees are being relocated to schools and temporary shelters in safer villages, approximately 20 km away from the volcano’s crater.
• Emergency Response: The local government has declared a state of emergency for the next 58 days, enabling aid from the central government. Military and police personnel are assisting with evacuations.
• Infrastructure Disruption: Four airports on Flores Island have been closed due to the eruption, further complicating relief efforts.
• Ring of Fire: Indonesia’s location along the “Pacific Ring of Fire” makes it prone to volcanic eruptions and earthquakes due to the convergence of tectonic plates.

• Strengthening Asian Bonds: The inaugural Asian Buddhist Summit (ABS) is being held in New Delhi on November 5-6, 2024, aiming to foster unity and cooperation among Asian nations through the shared values of Buddhism.
• India’s Act East Policy: The summit reflects India’s Act East Policy, which emphasizes collective and inclusive development in Asia, with Buddhist principles as a guiding force.
• Diverse Participation: The event brings together Buddhist leaders, scholars, and practitioners from various traditions across Asia to engage in dialogue and address contemporary challenges.
• Buddhism’s Unifying Role: The summit highlights the historical and cultural significance of Buddhism in fostering a common outlook on life and promoting spiritual unity across Asia.
• Soft Power Diplomacy: India utilizes Buddhism as a tool for soft power projection, showcasing its rich Buddhist heritage and promoting its role as a bridge connecting different Asian cultures.
• Key Themes: Discussions will cover various topics, including Buddhist art, heritage, the dissemination of Buddhist teachings, the role of relics, and the relevance of Buddhist philosophy in the 21st century.
• Special Exhibition: A dedicated exhibition titled “India as the Dhamma Setu (Bridge) connecting Asia” will showcase India’s historical and contemporary contributions to Buddhism across the continent.

• Successful Mission Completion: Three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth on November 4th, 2024, after a six-month mission aboard the Tiangong space station. Their capsule landed safely in Inner Mongolia.
• Crew Rotation: The returning astronauts welcomed a new three-person crew to the Tiangong last week, ensuring continuous operation of the space station.
• China’s Space Ambitions: This mission is part of China’s ongoing efforts to become a leading power in space exploration. The country has achieved significant milestones recently, including lunar sample returns and a Mars rover landing.
• Tiangong Space Station: The Tiangong, meaning “Heavenly Palace,” is China’s orbiting space station. It has been operational for two years and serves as a platform for scientific research and technological development.
• Space Debris Concerns: The Tiangong has faced challenges with space debris, requiring maneuvers to avoid collisions and even experiencing partial power loss due to debris impact.
• China’s Contribution to Space Debris: China is also a contributor to the growing problem of space debris, with incidents like a rocket stage break-up during a satellite launch in August adding to the debris field.
• Future Goals: China aims to land astronauts on the moon by 2030, further solidifying its position as a major player in space exploration.

• Release on Bail: Hundreds of undertrial prisoners across India are set to be released on bail on November 26 (Constitution Day) under the new Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) law.
• Eligibility Criteria: This provision applies to first-time offenders who have been detained for at least half the maximum possible sentence for their alleged offense. Those accused of crimes with potential death penalty or life imprisonment are excluded.
• Exemptions for Serious Crimes: Heinous crimes like rape, murder, acts of terror, offenses under the POCSO Act, and NDPS Act are not covered under this provision.
• Decongesting Prisons: The move aims to address the issue of overcrowding in jails by releasing undertrial prisoners who have already served a significant portion of their potential sentence.
• Supreme Court Order: The Supreme Court, in August 2024, directed jail superintendents to facilitate applications for bail under the new BNSS provisions, even for cases registered before the law came into effect.
• Special Campaign: The Ministry of Home Affairs is launching a special campaign to ensure states and union territories utilize the BNSS provisions to grant relief to eligible undertrial prisoners.
• Celebrating Constitution Day: This initiative aligns with Constitution Day celebrations, promoting constitutional values and potentially offering a second chance to individuals awaiting trial.