Climate of Goa for Goa PSC - GOA PCS Exam Notes

Climate of Goa

Climate of Goa has a tropical monsoon climate and the region is generally warm and humid throughout the year.
The temperature ranges from 20°C to 34°C.
The diurnal range of temperature during the day is not large being 4 to 6°C during monsoon season and increases to 10 to 20°C during December and January.
The temperature is highest during premonsoon months of April and May and lowest during January.
Due to proximity of the State to the Arabian Sea the humidity is high throughout the year.
The relative humidity varies from 60% to 90%.
The State receives abundant rainfall from the Southwest monsoon during June to September. There are thirteen rain-gauging stations of India Meteorological Department (IMD) in Goa.
The average annual rainfall received in the State is about 3200 mm.
As a result of the orographic influence the rainfall increases progressively from the coast 12 to the Western Ghats from about 2500 mm to over 4500 mm.
Over 90% rainfall occurs during the monsoon months with Valpoi and Sanguem stations recording maximum rainfall while the remaining 10% rainfall is received during the non-monsoon months.
The low lying coastal areas receive minimum rainfall while the inland hilly terrain receives maximum rainfall.
Highest rainfall is received during the month of July followed by a gradual decrease in subsequent monsoon months. Rainfall is the main source of groundwater recharge in the State.

The contribution of July rainfall is decreasing in central and west peninsular India (significantly in South interior Karnataka (95%), East M.P.(90%) Vidarbha (90%), Madhya Maharashtra (90%), Marathwada (90%), Konkan & Goa (90%), and North interior Karnataka (90%)), but has increased significantly in the northeastern parts of the country.

Goa’s balmy tropical weather means that temperatures don’t fluctuate much, hovering between 24°C to 29°C all the year-round.
But at the peak of summer in the month of May, noon temperatures often cross 33°C.
The Goan monsoon which lasts from June to September adorns Goa with greenery all around,

Weather Pattern in Goa

GOA
MONTH	JAN	FEB	MAR	APR	MAY	JUN	JUL	AUG	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC
AVG.RAIN (mm)	2	0	4	17	18	500	890	340	277	122	20	30
AVG.TEMP (°C)	25	26	27	29	30	28	26	26	26	27	27	27

Temperature and Rainfall in Climate of Goa:

Monsoon: July to End September (26 inches)
Winter: Late November to Mid-February (Min. 3″C-Max. 11″ C)
Summer: Mid-March to End of June (Min. 25″C – Max. 45″C)

Agro-climatic zone of Climate of Goa

An “Agro-climatic zone” is a land unit in terms of major climates, suitable for a certain range of crops and cultivars. The planning aims at scientific management of regional resources to meet the food, fiber, fodder and fuel wood without adversely affecting the status of natural resources and environment. Crop yield is (FAO, 1983).

Classification by Planning Commission

Planning Commission of India (1989) made an attempt to delineate the country into different agro climatic regions based on homogeneity in rainfall, temperature, topography, cropping and farming systems and water resources. India is divided into 15 agro-climatic regions.
Out of 15 zone in India, Goa belong to West Coast Plains and Ghat Zone, as described below.

West Coast Plains and Ghats zone

This zone comprises west coast of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharastra and Goa with a variety of crop patterns, rainfall and soil types.

IMD (Indian Metrological Department) Goa Center

Meteorological Centre Goa is situated in its own premises in North Goa District of Goa state and located at Lat 15° 29’ N and Longitude 73° 49’ E.
Goa is a small and beautiful state known for tourism .
Goa has two districts namely North Goa and South Goa which are divided into 11 Talukas, having a total area of 3702 Sq Km.
Goa is situated along Konkan Coast of India, has a coast line of 131 km.
It has a partly hilly terrain with the Western Ghats rising nearly 1200 meters.
There are two main rivers of Goa which are Mandovi and Zuari. Goa receives Most of rainfall during June to September with an average of 250 cm.
Goa was Portuguese colony till 19th Dec 1961 when Indian Military Forces liberated it with the help of Freedom Fighters and territory was incorporated into Indian Union. On 30th May 1987 Goa was granted a full fledged statehood.
This office was earlier known as “SERVICO METEOROLOGICO DO ESTADO DA INDIA” under “SERVICO METEOROLOGICO NACIONAL”, LISBOA, PORTUGAL which was established at Lisboa, Portugal on 29 August 1946.
As a result of restructuring, its name has been changed and is now “Instituto de Meteorologia”, Lisbon, Portugal. The Meteorological Service started in Goa immediately after it started in Portugal.
Later it was known as “Goa Observatory” in the middle of the year 1963 as a part of India Meteorological Department. Same was declared as “Meteorological Centre” from Aug 2007.
Meteorological Centre Goa has a sanction staff strength of 43 which includes 7 officers for various units.
There is a network of 02 departmental Observatories at Panaji and Mormugao and 08 Out post Rainguage stations (Mapusa, Pernem, Valpoi, Ponda, Margao, Canacona, Qupem and Sanguem ) in Goa.

Observatories in Goa

Meteorological Centre, Althinho,Panaji,Goa 403001

(Surface, RS/RW, Doppler weather Radar(Installation awaited), Radiation, Seismology and Port Met Liaison units)

Port Met Observatory Mormugao, Sada (Near MPT Signal station) Vasco Goa

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN GOA (Study in 2016)

Climate change (CC) can have a far reaching effect by impacting just about every aspect of human life.
It can affect our water resources, forests and other natural ecological systems, agriculture, power generation, infrastructure, tourism, and human health.
The overall negative impacts of global CC will be less severe, if we reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that we are putting into the atmosphere, and worse – if we continue producing these gases at current or faster rates.
The impacts vary with the place. Less rain can mean less water for some places, while too much rain may result in flooding at others. Hotter days can damage crops and affect human and animal health.
Over the years, Goa has been witnessing a change in its weather too.
A TERI (2014) study on ‘Climate Resilient Infrastructure Services’ examined the mean sea level for Panaji coast for a period of 1875-2010.After scientific data analysis, an increasing trend of 26 mm/year as observed. A combination of outputs from 15 CC models was used to make future projections (year 2100) that shows a sea level rise of 0.3mm/year.
According to Ms. Mini of India Meteorological Department (IMD), Goa has a peculiar geographic orientation with the Arabian Sea on the West, and the Western Ghats (with increased height) on its eastern boundary.
This makes the weather pattern very unique for Goa.
A 100 year data analysis done by IMD revealed an increasing trend in the monsoon rainfall for Goa.
As per Mr Atul Naik (Vagaries Goa), in June 2016, Goa received the highest rainfall amongst all other states in India, from both pre monsoon, and the actual South West Monsoon winds.
Goa received approximately 1,216 mm of rainfall during this 30 day period (area weighted average) compared to 595.70 mm for Kerala that stood second.
Goa received nearly 3 5 % above normal rain this year (2016), which is also the highest for the month of June during the last 6 years.

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